A global overview of urban and peri-urban forestry (UPF). It shows how local history, culture, environment and economic conditions shape UPF approaches. Regions with slower urbanisation, such as North America and Europe, benefit from established policies, governance and tools that support effective and equitable planning. Rapidly urbanising regions in Africa, the Near East and Asia face challenges including ecosystem loss, water scarcity and extreme climates, but also demonstrate strong community leadership and innovation. The publication emphasises UPF’s multiple benefits, from climate resilience to social wellbeing, and promotes inclusive, culturally grounded and collaborative practices.